Ego ole ka ị maara maka ndọta NdFeB?

Ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide na-agụnye AlNiCo (AlNiCo) usoro metal magnet na-adịgide adịgide, ọgbọ mbụ SmCo5 magnet na-adịgide adịgide (a na-akpọ 1: 5 samarium cobalt alloy), ọgbọ nke abụọ Sm2Co17 (a na-akpọ 2: 17 samarium cobalt alloy) magnet na-adịgide adịgide, ọgbọ nke atọ na-adịghị ahụkebe. Magnet alloy NdFeB (a na-akpọ NdFeB alloy). Site na mmepe nke sayensị na teknụzụ, arụ ọrụ nke NdFeB ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide ka emelitere ma gbasaa mpaghara ngwa. NdFeB siri ike nke nwere ngwaahịa ike magnetik dị elu (50 MGA ≈ 400kJ/m3), mmanye dị elu (28EH, 32EH) na okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ (240C) ka emepụtara na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ihe bụ isi akụrụngwa nke NdFeB magnet na-adịgide adịgide bụ obere ụwa metal Nd (Nd) 32%, metal element Fe (Fe) 64% na ihe na-abụghị metal element B (B) 1% (obere ego nke dysprosium (Dy), terbium ( Tb), cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), gallium (Ga), aluminum (Al), ọla kọpa (Cu) na ihe ndị ọzọ). NdFeB ternary sistemu ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide dabere na ngwakọta Nd2Fe14B, yana ihe mejupụtara ya kwesịrị ịdị ka ngwakọta molekul Nd2Fe14B. Otú ọ dị, ihe ndọta nke magnetik dị nnọọ ala ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-abụghị nke magnetik mgbe oke Nd2Fe14B na-ekesa kpamkpam. Naanị mgbe ọdịnaya nke neodymium na boron na magnetik bụ karịa ọdịnaya nke neodymium na boron na Nd2Fe14B compound, ọ nwere ike nweta mma magnetik na-adịgide adịgide.

Sintering: Efrata (formula) → agbaze → ntụ ntụ na-eme → ịpị (ịkpụ nghazi) → sintering na ịka nká → nyocha ihe onwunwe magnetik → nhazi nhazi → ọgwụgwọ mkpuchi elu (electroplating) → nyocha ngwaahịa zuru ezu.
Njikọ: akụrụngwa → urughuru nha nha → ịgwakọta na ihe nkedo → ịkpụzi (mkpakọ, extrusion, injection) → ọgwụgwọ ọkụ (mkpakọ) → nhazigharị → nyocha nke ngwaahịa emechara.

Enwere isi ihe atọ: remanence Br (Residual Induction), unit Gauss, mgbe ewepụsịrị oghere magnetik na steeti saturation, njupụta magnetik fọdụrụnụ, na-anọchi anya ike ndọta mpụga nke magnet; ike mmanye Hc (Coercive Force), unit Oersteds, bụ itinye ndọta na mpaghara ndọta a na-atụgharị, mgbe oghere ndọta etinyere na-abawanye ruo otu ike, njupụta magnetik nke magnet ga-adị elu. Mgbe oghere ndọta etinyere na-abawanye na ike ụfọdụ, ndọta nke magnet ga-apụ n'anya, ikike iguzogide oghere ndọta etinyere ka a na-akpọ Coercive Force, nke na-anọchite anya nha nke nguzogide demagnetization; Ngwaahịa ike magnetik BHmax, unit Gauss-Oersteds, bụ ike ndọta nke a na-emepụta kwa otu olu nke ihe, nke bụ ọnụọgụ anụ ahụ nke ike magnet nwere ike ịchekwa.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ebe ndị isi ngwa bụ: moto magnet na-adịgide adịgide, generator, MRI, magnetik separator, ọkà okwu audio, magnetik levitation usoro, magnetik nnyefe, magnetik ebuli, instrumentation, mmiri mmiri magnetization, magnetik ọgwụ akụrụngwa, wdg Ọ aghọwo ihe dị mkpa ihe onwunwe. maka imepụta ụgbọ ala, igwe n'ozuzu, ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical, ụlọ ọrụ ozi eletrọnịkị na teknụzụ dị elu.

NdFeB bụ ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide kachasị ike n'ụwa, ngwaahịa ike magnetik ya dị elu okpukpu iri karịa ferrite a na-ejikarị eme ihe, yana ihe dị ka okpukpu abụọ dị elu karịa ọgbọ mbụ na nke abụọ nke magnetik ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe (SmCo na-adịgide adịgide magnet), nke a maara dị ka. "Eze magnet na-adịgide adịgide". Site na dochie ihe ndọta ndị ọzọ na-adịgide adịgide, ụda na ịdị arọ nke ngwaọrụ nwere ike ibelata nke ukwuu. N'ihi nnukwu ihe onwunwe nke neodymium, ma e jiri ya tụnyere samarium-cobalt magnet na-adịgide adịgide, a na-eji ígwè dochie cobalt dị oké ọnụ ahịa, nke na-eme ka ngwaahịa ahụ dịkwuo irè.